The Japan Bank for International Cooperation (JBIC) has signed an ODA loan agreement totalling approximately US$102.4 million for the Seismic Reinforcement Project for Large Scale Bridges in Istanbul. The loan will be used to finance the procurement of materials and equipment, civil works and consulting services for carrying out seismic reinforcement works. Similar reinforcement works have been conducted in various countries, including Japan, and also on Turkey's First Bosphorus Bridge, Second Bosphorus Bridge (constructed by an ODA loan), and Old and New Golden Horn Bridges (repaired, expanded and constructed by an ODA loan), and their major viaducts.