The developer of the HS2 high-speed railway has revealed the final designs for the viaduct and the prefabricated construction methods that will see the structure slotted together like a giant Lego set, cutting its carbon footprint by an estimated 66%.
The viaduct will cross the flood plain of the River Thame just outside Aylesbury and will carry HS2 trains at speeds of up to 360km/h between London, Birmingham and the north.
It has been designed with a simple and consistent profile. The underside of the viaduct will be just 3m above the ground, with thirty-six 25m-long even spans crossing the river and surrounding wetlands. The piers will be extended to almost connect with the parapet edge, helping to enhance the appearance of a light and narrow structure.
Even the 35 concrete piers that support the viaduct will be entirely made off site before being placed on their foundations – meaning that every major element of the structure will be prefabricated.
Thame Valley is one of 15 viaducts designed by HS2 Ltd’s main works contractor, EKFB - a team made up of Eiffage, Kier, Ferrovial Construction and BAM Nuttall - working with design partner ASC (a joint venture between Arcadis Setec and Cowi) and specialist architect Moxon.
HS2 Ltd’s head of civil structures Tomas Garcia said: “HS2 trains and stations will be zero carbon from day one, providing a cleaner, greener way to travel and helping the fight against climate change.
“But we’re also serious about reducing the amount of carbon we use during construction, and Thame Valley is a great example of how our contractors are using the latest engineering techniques to do just that. Prefabrication and offsite manufacturing offer huge benefits in terms of efficiency and this design will help us deliver a more efficient, durable and elegant structure with less concrete and steel.”
The design team has applied lessons from recent high-speed rail projects in Spain to cut the amount of embedded carbon by simplifying the structure of the viaduct so that every major element can be made off site. Team opted for two wide box girder beams per span instead of eight smaller beams - to simplify and speed up assembly.
The production of steel and concrete is a major contributor to carbon emissions, with the new lighter-weight structure expected to save 19,000 tonnes of embedded carbon in comparison to the previous design. That is the same amount of carbon emitted by one person taking a flight from London to Edinburgh and back 70,000 times.
As well as cutting embedded carbon in terms of materials, this approach requires fewer lorries to deliver material to site, cuts waste and will reduce disruption for the community during construction.
EKFB technical director Janice McKenna said: “Cutting carbon during construction is a priority for EKFB as the team commences the building works of some of the main structures along its 80km section of HS2, and this process starts right at the initial design stages.
“Working alongside our design partners, we have tackled the carbon challenge from two angles. The structurally efficient solution means we minimise the embedded carbon in the viaduct materials; and we have also been able to reduce emissions during construction by maximising off-site pre-fabrication to achieve an efficient build, as well as reducing the number of HGVs on local roads. The techniques used in the Thame Valley Viaduct are also being used in other structures along our line of route.”
The larger precast beams that will be used at Thame Valley can be secured directly to one another, removing the need for a cast-in-situ concrete diaphragm above each pier. The team said that removing the need for the diaphragm will improve durability and reliability, save time, cut cost and improve safety by reducing the need for people to work at height.
Preparatory works have already begun on site near Aylesbury, with the design team also looking at whether a similar modular approach to construction can be applied to other, smaller viaducts elsewhere on the route.
Ben Addy, managing director of Moxon, said: “The Thame Valley Viaduct has been conceived as a minimalist elevated causeway passing low over the flood plain of the River Thame.
“This approach relies upon refinement of detail and has been enabled by the advanced engineering and construction techniques developed by the team. The result is a low key and elegant sequence of spans punctuated by thirty-four pairs of piers cradling the deck.”
Around the viaduct, the river floodplain will be enhanced to boost biodiversity and help better manage flood water. This will include replacing existing arable land with new wildlife-rich areas of woodland and wetland.
